Day 11

chapter 5 cont'd - civil rights

equal rights for women

womens suffrage movement, and the movement int he 60's termed the feminisit movement
feminist movements struggle for the equality of women - equal rights in all areas of society

seneca falls in new york, after L. Mott and E. C. Stanton were refused seating in the world anti-slavery convention
the result of the meeting was the declaration of sentiments in 1848
a re-writing of the declaration of independence
women took the document and included women where only men had been mentioned
with this document they launched the women's movement to be equal partners with men in society
the next part was the strategy of inclusion
the first part of this strategy was enfranchising women to vote
some women wanted to go for all their objectives immediately, and there was a subsequent movement to form many groups with individual objectives
eventually they banded together
the 19th ammendment gave women the right to vote in 1920
we were relatively late to give suffrage to women, following new zealand and australia

modern women's movement started in the 60's, when they joined the other ethnicities
"the feminine mystique" outlined the problems with women and their struggle to integrate; introduction of second-class citizens concept

formation of NOW (national organization of women)
the end goal was to raise the consciousness of women and to fight for bringing women into equal partnership with men
also fought for the ratification of the ERA (equal rights amendment) in 1923

1972 proposed ERA
was not ratified because not enough states could ratify
1982 it was overturned
a year after the 26th amendment was ratified (extension of the right to vote for 18 year olds

1960 sought reasons for things, sought a sort of second enlightenment
dominant theory
the theory that if one falls, they all fall in a domino effect
the draft was a major factor for opposition
1975 congress voted to cut off funds for the vietnam war

1960s were the years of activism
the mental war

reagan said we have enough laws to protect women, we don't need an amendment
it has been re-introduced, but has not yet been passed
had they added the word "sex" into the 14th amendment, then it would have negated a need for another amendment
men will always find a way to support the patriarchy
men will always use tricks to fracture women's power
in a matriarchy, their would be no wars (this was the prevailing argument)

men also participated in the women's movement
another concern was the issue of domestic violence
some women provided battered women's shelters
abortion rights, or the right to one's body

in the same era, in 1973, Roe v. Wade allowed women to make decisions regarding their bodies
18th amendment - prohibition
women were a significant force behind banning alcohol, thinking that alcohol was the root of the problem

comparable worth
in 1963 the equal pay act had been passed, saying that women should be paid equal pay for equal work
except, for every dollar that a man earns, women are paid 75 cents, despite the equal pay act
the new paradigm should be equal pay for equal value
teaching and nursing used to not be paid very well, and the comparable worth idea increased their quality of pay

sexual harassment
civil rights law 1964, title VII, was extended to regulate sexual harassment
this was to nullify the status quo; that women were forced to trade sexual favors for promotions, raises, etc
all of these were a form of gender discrimination
they saw a difference between gender and sex

earning gap
still continues today, the idea that women earn different than women do

glass ceiling
the idea that women are promoted only so far in the corporate hierarchy
you can see the top, but you will never reach it

mommy track
the chance to work and be a mother and have responsibilities of the home, but with those responsibilities, you can never be CEO

what have women achieved?
inclusion in the legislative and judicial branches

not only men opposed the ERA
if women are given equal rights, they will have to be drafted like men
women being in military service will come back maimed and unattractive
the idea of privilege was still an attractive one
lesbianism and non-child producing will lead to the destruction of the american family, and will be encouraged by the ERA

first movement was the suffrage movement
then the second feminist movement - equality for all
NOW established Ms. Magazine, dealing with the effect of language on societies
how women are addressed is an important issue
politically correct started in the same time period as the feminist movement

different kinds of feminism
really radical ones - overthrow rule by man
liberal ones tried to work with men to make life better
the eagle forum can be seemed as on the conservative side of the fence

hispanics
mexican americans coined the term chicano
chicano is a term that means that these immigrants form mexico that have become politically aware
the chicanos fought for chicano studies
the fragmentation of mexican americans was seen as a major problem

peninsularies
coming form peninsula of spain, but no mixed
creoles
mixed with indians
mestizos
moreno
mulatto
mix of black and spanish
indian
blacks
slaves

hispanics should be classified as caucasian as defined by government
the oligarchs decided
church business and military have the control
the concept of separation of race is so difficult to control, and this became the problem
from the colonial era we established a class system of color
a relationship of wealth accumulation becomes an issue of power
the classification is not done for fun, it was done for economical gain

civilization and cities associate a level of interaction rules
marx's solution was a leveling of class
you must liberate the master and the slave
the goal is to classify everyone as human